Introduction Interlingual subtitles are rarely taken seriously enough. Neither by those who make them, nor by those for whom they are made, and especially if English is involved. Interlingual subtitlers sometimes seem to think they exist merely to offer gist translations. Only last night, while watching a docuseries on the Movistar cycling team on Netflix, I came across the following, which was supposed to constitute ecstatic end-of-race commentary: ‘Richard Carapaz is moving forward. Yes, Carapaz is moving. Turn up the heat, Richard! Feed the fire!’. Everything is there, content-wise, but it is difficult to get buzzed about the situation when the commentator is supposedly screaming things like ‘turn up the heat!’. You might hear that phrase from a character in the Pixar film, Cars, but never from any self-respecting endurance sport commentator still alive in this millennium. Yet I do not want to be too harsh on the interlingual subtitler. It is not entirely their fault. It is also the fault of production companies, like Netflix, who allocate too little time and too few resources to interlingual subtitling. And it is our fault, as viewers, too, because we do not seem to care all that much. Films with interlingual subtitles, typically foreign-language films, are more ignored than films without them. At least in the anglophone world. Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite has been a welcome exception to this rule, and yet his appeal for audiences to ‘overcome the one-inch-tall barrier of subtitles’, while well-meaning, plays directly into the hands of interlingual subtitles enemy number one. This is the pretentious aesthete who dismisses subtitles altogether, not as a matter of preference, but as one of principle. tHeY aRe DiStRacTinG, tHeY sPoiL thE ciNeMatOgraPHy, tHeY dRaiN aLL eXPreSsiOn fRoM thE vOicE… Right. On the evidence of the interlingual subtitles provided by Netflix for the recent crime-drama series, Top Boy, things are not much different in the francophone sphere. All the series’ linguistic heterogeneity, from Jamaican Creole to Turkish-inflected English to the underworld parlance of the East End, is reduced, in the French subtitles, to the lingo of the Parisian banlieue. I do not believe that viewers at large are uninterested in interlingual subtitles on principle. And I do not believe that interlingual subtitles and aesthetic concerns are mutually exclusive. In the first case, it is simply a matter of providing them with more more engaging, more lively, more real, interlingual subtitles. In the second, of training viewers, via experimental interlingual subtitling practices, to appreciate the ways in which subtitle and image can work in tandem to enrich the viewerly experience. Not to mention our hearing-impaired friends, who are often at the forefront of the debate on intralingual subtitling, but hardly get a look-in when it comes to its interlingual counterpart. Arguably, they have even more to gain from creative, daring, difficult interlingual subtitles than the rest of us do. And, surely, they deserve better than ‘turn up the heat!’, do they not? * * * Original English & Patwah SCENE 1 – [Kieron] Ay. Ay. – [Jaq] Oh, look, here we go: the zombies are back again. – [Kieron] Keep to dem. – [Dris] Told you lot, don’t fuckin come round ere. – [Sarah] Will you just give us a hit, please? – [Dris] Where’s your P? – [Sarah] He’s got it. – [Dris] That ain’t no fuckin money, man. – [Lee] It’s got Bluetooth. – [Jaq] Everyone’s got Bluetooth, cuz. My ancestors’ve got Bluetooth. Bring me summin more interestin, like an iPad or summin. – [Sarah] Can we just get two white, please? Just, come on, man. It’s worth two stone, yeah? It’s not that bad, like. You can-- – [Romy] Yooo… – [Dris] Fuck off, man. – [Romy] Dris, the Turks! – [Jaq] Fuck off! – [Supplier] My friend, good news for you. – [Dris] Yeah? That makes a change. – [Supplier] You going need monies. – [Dris] Yeah, I always need monies when it’s youse people. – [Supplier] This time is fifty. – [Dris] Fifty?! – [Supplier] Prices high, my friend. You want oranges, you want pineapple, you pay more monies, no? Everybody’s paying more monies for everything. Cars, food, coffee… Is Brexit. – [Dris] [kisses teeth] – [Supplier] [speaking in Turkish] – [Dris] Speak fuckin English, man! – [Supplier] My friend say you is a man, but I say you is woman, no? – [Jaq] Why’on’t you ask your wife? – [Supplier] My wife? – [Jaq] Mm-hmm. – [Supplier] Look, you don’t want, is no problem. Call you later, huh? Tell you place, time. – [Jaq] Dunno why you let him treat us like that, you know that? – [Romy] Dickhead! Lil pussio! – [Kieron] ‘Call you later’. What the fuck does that mean? SCENE 2 – [Aaron] Wha you sayin? You need help wi that? – [Stefan] Nah. It’s calm, still. – [Aaron] Listen, if it’s not done soon I’m just gonna have to tuck you in tho – you know that, right? – [Stefan] Wha? Tuck me in? – [Aaron] Yes. – [Stefan] Allow it man. – [Aaron] [kisses teeth] – [Stefan] [whistles] – [Aaron] Smells dead, bro. – [Stefan] Shut up! Who you talkin to?! – [Aaron] I’m talkin, bruv. – [Jamie] When’s it ready? – [Stefan] Comin, still. – [Jamie] Come on! Oi! Ay, don’t burn yourself tho, man. – [Stefan] Ready! It is ready! – [Jamie] Smells kinda nice tho, Stef. You done well. I beg you move the books off the table! – [Aaron] Alright. Chill, innit. – [Jamie] Hurry up tho, Stefan. I got some other things I need to be doing, you know. – [Aaron] Nah, give me it first, man! Yeah. I been waitin, bruv. – [Jamie] Psssh! – [Aaron] Lemme get a big ting. This actually looks too dank. Ay, yo? – [Stefan] Yeah? – [Aaron] Thought it was supposed to be jerk? – [Jamie] Why you always tryna get on to him for? Allow him, man. – [Stefan] Always gettin on to me when it’s my turn. – [Jamie] Don’t worry, Stef. It’s good. Tastes really nice. – [Stefan] You know wha, yeah? Who better at cookin, me or Aaron? It’s me, innit? – [Jamie] Homeboy, it’s not even a contest. – [Aaron] Ayyy, yo, don’t even lie to the kid, fam. You know he’s not in my league. – [Stefan] Shut up, man. – [Aaron] Look! He’s not even eatin it, bruv. He’s tryna leave. – [Stefan] Why you not eatin it for?! – [Jamie] I’ve got stuff to do, innit. I’mma come back an’ eat it later. Just put it in the fridge for me, yeah? – [Stefan] Yeah. – [Aaron] [laughing] – [Jamie] Why you laughin for? – [Aaron] Waste-- – [Jamie] You’re washin up. – [Stefan] Ha! – [Aaron] Ay, wha? Ay, chill, man… Bruv! – [Jamie] I said you’re washin up. Stefan cooked. You’re washin up. An’ I don’t wanna see no dirty pans in the sink when I get back, you understand? – [Aaron] Cuz, look, I got two assignments here, bruv. – [Stefan] You’re washin up. – [Jamie] Stef, make sure you’re in bed by nine, yeah? – [Stefan] Yeah. – [Jamie] Love. – [Stefan] You hear that? – [Aaron] Shut up. – [Stefan] You’re washin up. You hear that? – [Aaron] Shut up! – [Stefan] Ay, Jamie! Wait, wait, wait! Ay, Jamie! SCENE 3 – [Tyrone] Fam, you are chattin shit. Modie ain’t said nothin like that. – [Leyton] You didn’t hear him right then, cuz. Mo said, if he gets sent down, Leyton takes over. What the fuck time you call this, cuz? – [Kit] Traffic, bro. Nightmare. – [Leyton] The fuck’s that got to do wi me? Fuckin traffic. Don’t keep man waitin, you know? You get me?! – [Tyrone] Eighteen fuckin’ years, G. That is heavy, bro. – [Leyton] You ‘eard the news, innit? Modie’s gone down. So I’m runnin the fuckin mandem now. – [Jamie] So what’re you gonna do about the Turks, big man? – [Tyrone] Yeah, fam. The Ps they’re askin for is way too high. The mandem can’t make no bread like that. – [Farah] Preeaaach. – [Leyton] I’ll chat to the Turks. – [Jamie] When? – [Leyton] The fuck ‘when’? When I’m fuckin ready, fam! – [Jamie] What’re you gonna say? – [Leyton] I’m gonna tell them… that their prices need to drop, cuz. – [Jamie] Someone I know, they have food, innit? They’ll sell to us way lower than what the Turks are. – [Farah] Fam, sorted! – [Si] Boom! – [Farah] Sorted. – [Si] Fuck the Turks! – [Leyton] So what’s gonna happen, yeah, if you cut out the Turks an’ go with someone new? The Turks are gonna find these new people that you got, yeah, fuckin kill them. After they kill them, they’ll come back, kill you, kill me, an’ kill the rest of the fuckin Fields mandem. – [Jamie] So wha I’m hearin here is, instead of takin a fuckin low price, we continue paying the high price. That shit don’t make no fuckin sense. – [Leyton] I’m gonna talk to the Turks. SCENE 4 – [Lester] Ay, pree chargie! – [Dushane] Wah gwaan? – [Lester] Yo. Dat chick in there, ready, yuh nuh? Waitin to get plucked, yuh si mi? – [Dushane] Gimme that mon. – [Lester] A sweet piece ah cookie for yuh. Da post office, up inna hills. Say pon Friday, tomorrow Friday, loan money ah run thru there. All we haffi do ah walk in, tek out da money, an come out. – [Dushane] Is it actually fuckin real money this time, bro? – [Lester] Yuh nuh, lick yah finga. Seh lick yah finga. It’s a lick yah finga job, bro. Hear mi a seh. I seh tomorrow, me ah go follow up wit yuh. Just make sure seh yuh ready. Yo! Yuh nah wannah opportunity ah miss yuh. SCENE 5 – [Lester] Yo, look undah de seat. Look undah de seat! Wha, yuh prefferin rentin out cars to da tourists dem? – [Dushane] That’s not even funny, man. – [Lester] Dis gonna put sum real money innah yah pocket. – [Dushane] We go in there, we take the money an’ we leave, yeah? No one has to get hurt. – [Lester] Well, yuh av di theory, an yuh av di practical. So long as the practical meets di theory, nuh body no haffi get hurt. – [Dushane] Does Sugar know about this? – [Lester] Sugar… Sugar nuh know, yuh know. Sugar nuh too like when yuh killin dem freelance. Wha yuh really know about Sugar? Sugar a serious wicked man, yuh hear? One time mi si Sugar tek a baby, in front of da madda, an’ cut out di heart. How it’s sah evil? If Sugar seh people fi dead, everybody dead. * * * French & Kreyòl Translation 1ère SCÈNE 0:00:02.72 0:00:05.03 - Hé. Hé. \N - Ho! Regardez-moi-ça. 0:00:06.16 0:00:07.85 Les gueuches sont de retour. 0:00:10.10 0:00:10.93 Les pookies hein... 0:00:11.95 0:00:13.83 Je vous ai dit de plus revenir ici putain. 0:00:14.18 0:00:15.55 Tu nous file une dose stp ? 0:00:15.67 0:00:17.19 - C'est où ta moula ? \N - Il l'a lui. 0:00:21.07 0:00:24.04 - C'est pas du blé ça, mec, putain. \N - Elle est Bluetooth. 0:00:24.18 0:00:27.56 Tout est Bluetooth frérot. \N Mes ancêtres ont le Bluetooth. 0:00:28.14 0:00:30.50 Amène-moi mieux que ça. \N Genre un iPad ou quoi. 0:00:30.79 0:00:33.74 Stp, mec, deux cailloux. \N Allez, ce bail vaut deux galettes, hein ? 0:00:33.77 0:00:35.24 C’est calme, t’vois, t’peux… 0:00:35.28 0:00:36.13 Yo ! 0:00:36.20 0:00:37.40 - Dégagez. \N - Dris, les Turcs ! 0:00:37.45 0:00:38.34 Dégagez putain ! 0:00:43.92 0:00:45.50 Bonnes nouvelles pour toi mon ami. 0:00:46.33 0:00:47.56 Mouais ? Voilà qui change. 0:00:48.74 0:00:49.85 Il va falloir des frics. 0:00:50.32 0:00:52.48 Il faut toujours des frics avec votre espèce. 0:00:53.84 0:00:54.74 Ce coup-ci c’est 50. 0:00:55.42 0:00:56.25 Cinquante ?! 0:00:57.12 0:00:58.38 Prix élevés mon ami. 0:00:59.16 0:01:02.17 Tu veux orange, tu veux ananas, \N ça coûte plus de frics, non ? 0:01:02.97 0:01:04.64 Tout coûte plus de frics maintenant. 0:01:05.24 0:01:06.93 Voiture, nourriture, café.... 0:01:08.27 0:01:09.15 C'est le Brexit. 0:01:17.34 0:01:18.76 Parle anglais, mec, putain ! 0:01:21.18 0:01:24.54 Mon ami dit, tu es homme. 0:01:25.28 0:01:27.20 Mais moi je dis, tu es femme, non ? 0:01:27.38 0:01:28.70 Demande à ta meuf plutôt. 0:01:31.02 0:01:31.84 Ma meuf... ? 0:01:35.90 0:01:37.93 Écoute, tu veux pas, pas problème. 0:01:45.10 0:01:46.08 Je te rappelle hein ? 0:01:46.18 0:01:47.28 Dire quand, où. 0:01:48.11 0:01:50.11 Et tu le laisse nous traiter comme ça hein ? 0:01:50.78 0:01:52.10 Bolos ! Espèce d'enculé ! 0:01:52.15 0:01:53.42 « Je te rappelle » 0:01:54.00 0:01:55.31 Ça veut dire quoi ça bordel ? 2ème SCÈNE 0:00:09.10 0:00:11.40 POULET MARINÉ 0:00:14.88 0:00:16.20 Wesh t'as besoin d'aide là ? 0:00:16.56 0:00:18.48 Nan. Ça passe crème. 0:00:18.92 0:00:21.45 Écoute, grouille-toi ou je t’mets au lit, pigé ? 0:00:21.73 0:00:23.05 - Quoi ? Me mettre au lit ? \N - Oui. 0:00:23.40 0:00:24.22 Chéla frère. 0:00:28.77 0:00:29.88 Ça pue la mort mec. 0:00:29.92 0:00:31.15 La ferme ! Tu parles à qui toi ? 0:00:31.18 0:00:32.30 C'est moi qui parle frère. 0:00:32.33 0:00:33.64 - C'est prêt ? \N - Deux secondes. 0:00:33.66 0:00:34.49 Allez! 0:00:34.53 0:00:35.54 Ho ! 0:00:36.01 0:00:39.12 - Te brûle pas quand même frère. \N - C'est prêt. C'est prêt. 0:00:40.25 0:00:41.98 Ça sent bon quand même, Stef, t'as assuré. 0:00:42.46 0:00:44.85 - Enlève les livres de la table ! \N - C'est fait. Calmos hein. 0:00:47.64 0:00:50.09 Grouille-toi quand même Stefan. \N J'ai des bails à faire. 0:00:50.30 0:00:51.64 Nan, sers-moi en premier frère. 0:00:53.32 0:00:55.76 - Ouais. J'attends depuis un bail mec. \N - Pfft ! Merde. 0:00:56.46 0:00:58.90 File-moi un gros bout. \N Ouah ! C'est du lourd ça. 0:01:02.00 0:01:03.21 - Ho. \N - Ouais ? 0:01:03.40 0:01:04.48 On dirait poulet rôti. 0:01:05.00 0:01:07.02 Pourquoi tu l'embêtes toujours ? Chéla frère. 0:01:07.08 0:01:08.43 Toujours quand c'est mon tour. 0:01:08.55 0:01:10.38 T'inquiète, Stef, c'est délicieux. 0:01:10.54 0:01:11.33 T’sais quoi hein ? 0:01:11.60 0:01:13.90 Qui cuisine le mieux ? \N Moi ou Aaron ? C'est moi, non ? 0:01:14.10 0:01:16.99 - Y a même pas photo frangin. \N - Ho ! Mens pas au gosse frère. 0:01:17.02 0:01:19.11 - Il boxe pas dans ma catégorie. \N - La ferme frère. 0:01:20.43 0:01:22.72 Regarde. Il bouffe même pas. Il se barre. 0:01:22.89 0:01:24.12 Pourquoi tu bouffes pas ? 0:01:24.14 0:01:25.10 J'ai des bails à faire. 0:01:25.33 0:01:27.22 Je bouffe plus tard. \N Mets-le au frigo hein ? 0:01:27.26 0:01:28.09 Ouais. 0:01:28.64 0:01:29.98 - Pourquoi tu t’marres ? \N - Bolos... 0:01:30.41 0:01:32.59 - C'est toi qui fais la vaisselle. \N - Quoi ? Calmos mec. 0:01:34.30 0:01:36.03 Stefan a cuisiné. Tu fais la vaisselle. 0:01:36.05 0:01:38.83 Et pas de casseroles sales \N dans l'évier quand j’rentre pigé ? 0:01:38.85 0:01:40.58 Écoute, frère, j'ai deux devoirs à faire. 0:01:41.03 0:01:42.13 Tu fais la vaisselle. 0:01:42.25 0:01:43.43 Stef au lit avant 21 h hein ? 0:01:43.60 0:01:44.43 - Ouais. \N - Allez. 0:01:44.49 0:01:46.16 - T’as pigé ? \N - La ferme. 0:01:46.91 0:01:48.43 Tu fais la vaisselle. T’as pigé ? 0:01:48.48 0:01:50.44 - La ferme ! \N - Ho ! Jamie ! Attends ! 3ème SCÈNE 0:00:06.77 0:00:09.59 Tu dis de la merde poteau. \N Modie a jamais dit rien de tout ça. 0:00:09.70 0:00:11.16 Alors tu l'as pas entendu frérot. 0:00:11.93 0:00:15.06 Mo a dit que s'il plonge \N Leyton reprend le flambeau. 0:00:17.10 0:00:18.47 Vous avez vu l'heure bordel ? 0:00:19.74 0:00:21.31 Des bouchons frère. Pète-couilles. 0:00:21.61 0:00:23.75 Je m'en fous des bouchons putain. 0:00:24.10 0:00:25.60 M’faites pas attendre hein ? 0:00:25.85 0:00:26.66 C'est pigé ? 0:00:27.71 0:00:29.86 Putain, 18 ans, les gars. 0:00:30.18 0:00:31.62 C'est du lourd frère. 0:00:31.80 0:00:33.96 Vous êtes au courant hein ? Modie a plongé. 0:00:34.27 0:00:36.07 C'est moi qui dirige la mifa maintenant. 0:00:37.62 0:00:39.13 Alors t'fais quoi des Turcs caïd ? 0:00:39.41 0:00:42.04 Ouais, mec, ils demandent bcp trop de moula eux. 0:00:42.09 0:00:44.50 - La mifa peut jamais s'faire du blé comme ça. \N - Amen. 0:00:44.56 0:00:45.63 Je parlerai aux Turcs. 0:00:46.04 0:00:46.87 Quand ? 0:00:47.16 0:00:48.24 Comment ça « quand » ? 0:00:48.70 0:00:50.08 Quand je l’veux bien putain. 0:00:50.18 0:00:51.01 Et t'vas dire quoi ? 0:00:51.13 0:00:52.18 J’vais leur dire… 0:00:52.79 0:00:55.40 …qu'il faut baisser leurs prix, frérot. 0:00:55.42 0:00:57.45 Moi, j’connais qqn qui a de la came, hein. 0:00:57.53 0:00:59.09 On nous bicrave bcp moins cher que-- 0:00:59.16 0:01:00.36 - Boum! \N - Réglé les gars! 0:01:00.40 0:01:01.41 - Nique les Turcs frère! 0:01:01.96 0:01:03.32 Qu'est-ce qui va s’passer, hein, 0:01:03.34 0:01:05.91 si on emmerde les Turcs \N et qu'on prend un autre bicrave ? 0:01:06.54 0:01:08.85 Les Turcs vont chercher ce nouveau bicrave, hein, 0:01:09.22 0:01:14.03 le buter, putain, et après l'avoir buté, \N ils vont revenir t'buter toi, m'buter moi, 0:01:14.18 0:01:15.87 et buter le reste de la mifa putain. 0:01:16.03 0:01:19.71 Donc au lieu de payer moins cher \N on continue de casquer bordel ? 0:01:20.15 0:01:21.91 C’est débile putain. 0:01:25.11 0:01:26.75 Je parlerai aux Turcs. 4ème SCÈNE 0:00:02.70 0:00:03.97 Sa fè lontan patnè! 0:00:04.10 0:00:05.35 Sak pasé ? 0:00:07.13 0:00:10.74 Yo. Cette ti fi là-dedans, chaude, ou wè ? 0:00:10.88 0:00:12.79 Prête à s'faire tringlé ou konprann ? 0:00:14.09 0:00:15.09 File-moi ça frère. 0:00:18.49 0:00:20.62 Un bèl morso nan gâteau pour toi. 0:00:21.19 0:00:22.38 Le bureau de poste 0:00:22.63 0:00:23.84 nan les collines yo. 0:00:24.16 0:00:26.45 Se konsa demain, demain vendredi, 0:00:27.14 0:00:29.00 plen nan argent à s'faire là-bas. 0:00:29.45 0:00:31.62 Suffit d'antré, de pran l'argent, 0:00:31.91 0:00:33.11 et de sorti. 0:00:34.44 0:00:36.53 C'est du vrai argent cette fois-ci poteau ? 0:00:37.09 0:00:38.24 À s'en léché les doigts. 0:00:39.56 0:00:40.88 Mwen di léché les doigts. 0:00:41.85 0:00:43.34 À s'en léché les doigts patnè. 0:00:43.64 0:00:46.65 Koute, demain mwen te fè signe. 0:00:46.94 0:00:48.13 Tiens-toi prêt. 0:00:51.31 0:00:52.14 Yo! 0:00:52.77 0:00:54.34 Manke pas le coche patnè. 5ème SCÈNE 0:00:04.48 0:00:05.83 Yo. Regarde anba le siège. 0:00:06.03 0:00:07.01 Anba le siège ! 0:00:17.94 0:00:19.80 Tu préfères loué machin aux touris yo ? 0:00:19.95 0:00:21.32 C'est même pas drôle mec. 0:00:24.72 0:00:26.39 Ça va ranpli ta pòch d'argent. 0:00:33.13 0:00:35.39 On entre, on prend l'argent, et on ressort, hein ? 0:00:36.19 0:00:37.36 Pas besoin de buter. 0:00:38.26 0:00:40.49 Eh byen, y a la teyori, et y a la pratik. 0:00:41.40 0:00:43.03 Si la pratik respecte la teyori 0:00:43.07 0:00:44.13 nan bezwen de buté. 0:00:46.77 0:00:48.07 Sugar est au courant ? 0:00:48.68 0:00:49.50 Sugar... 0:00:51.54 0:00:52.90 Sugar sè pas ou wè ? 0:00:53.50 0:00:55.69 Sugar nan aime trop les endependans yo. 0:01:01.07 0:01:02.51 Tu sè quoi sou Sugar toi ? 0:01:04.23 0:01:06.34 Sugar cè un vrai malad ou wè ? 0:01:07.27 0:01:11.07 Une fois mwen le vois pran un bébé, devan la manman, 0:01:12.56 0:01:14.23 et kè l'arraché le cœur. 0:01:16.42 0:01:17.63 Sa ki le mal. 0:01:20.48 0:01:22.00 Si Sugar di que gens fè mouri 0:01:22.46 0:01:23.60 tout le gens mouri. * * * Google Drive Link to Subtitled Scenes To watch the subtitled scenes, click here. Then, download the video file (.mp4) and corresponding subtitle file (.ass) for each individual scene. Save the video and subtitle files for each scene in the same folder, but save each pair of files in separate folders, as I have done on the Google Drive. Don't change the names of any of the files. Next, simply open the video file for the scene you want to view using VLC Media Player or some other compatible media player, and the subtitles will automatically appear on-screen. (Note: the default media player on Apple operating systems, QuickTime Media Player, doesn't work.)
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